Independent source library
Peer-reviewed research supporting the botanicals and nutrients in Synapse-Flow — with horse studies featured first.
Synapse-Flow combines five nutrients and botanicals chosen to support healthy sweating and thermoregulation, clear neurologic signaling, and lymphatic drainage in performance and non-sweating horses. Every source below is an independent, peer-reviewed publication, grouped by ingredient — with horse studies featured first.
Horse study = research conducted in horses
The triterpene compounds in gotu kola have been studied for strengthening blood-vessel and lymphatic tone, supporting collagen and tissue repair, and protecting nerve tissue.
Pooling controlled trials, Centella asiatica improved the signs and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency — including fluid retention and swelling in the lower limbs — reflecting support for healthy vein and lymphatic tone.
A triterpene fraction of Centella asiatica stimulated collagen production in cultured fibroblasts — the mechanism behind its long-standing use for connective-tissue strength and wound repair.
This review summarizes how Centella asiatica and its metabolite asiatic acid promote wound healing, collagen formation, and microcirculation in the tissues.
Lion's mane is one of the most-studied botanicals for nerve health, shown to promote nerve growth factor (NGF) and support the repair of nerve tissue, with a controlled human trial on cognitive function.
Compounds from Hericium erinaceus stimulated production of nerve growth factor (NGF) in human cells — the signaling protein essential for the growth, maintenance, and repair of nerve tissue.
Using a laser-microdissection model of nerve-fiber injury, Hericium erinaceus supported the regeneration of damaged axons, backing its role in nerve repair.
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, adults with mild cognitive impairment who took Hericium erinaceus showed significantly greater improvement in cognitive-function scores than the placebo group during supplementation.
L-arginine is the precursor for nitric oxide, the signal that relaxes and widens blood vessels. This peripheral vasodilation drives blood to the skin surface — the same pathway that supports healthy sweating and heat dissipation in the horse.
This equine study examined how nitric oxide contributes to thermoregulation during exercise in horses — the vasodilation pathway that L-arginine supplies to move blood to the skin surface for evaporative cooling.
Supplemental oral L-arginine improved endothelium-dependent dilation of blood vessels, confirming that added arginine can enhance nitric-oxide-mediated widening of the vasculature.
Pooling randomized trials, L-arginine supplementation was associated with improved markers of endothelial (blood-vessel lining) function, supporting its role in healthy circulation.
Vitamin E is one of the most thoroughly studied nutrients in equine neurology. It shields nerve and muscle cell membranes from oxidative damage, and deficiency is directly linked to neuromuscular disease in horses.
In a controlled trial, 10 of 11 horses fed a vitamin E–deficient diet developed equine motor neuron disease within 44 months, while none of the vitamin E–supplemented controls did — directly linking the nutrient to nerve and muscle health.
This veterinary review documents vitamin E's essential role in the horse and the neuromuscular disorders — including neuroaxonal dystrophy and motor neuron disease — associated with deficiency.
In young horses, vitamin E depletion was associated with early, subclinical degeneration of nerve fibers, reinforcing its protective role for the developing equine nervous system.
Yarrow has a long history of traditional use as a diaphoretic (sweating-promoting) and circulatory herb. Modern pharmacological reviews catalog the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and vasoactive constituents behind those uses.
This comprehensive review documents yarrow's active compounds and its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and circulatory properties that underlie its traditional use for skin and blood-flow support.
A pharmacological review summarizing yarrow's mechanisms of action, its major active compounds, and its generally favorable safety and tolerability profile.
