Independent source library
Peer-reviewed research supporting the botanicals and nutrients in Synapse-Flow — with horse studies featured first.
Synapse-Flow combines five nutrients and botanicals chosen to support healthy sweating and thermoregulation, normal neurologic signaling, and lymphatic drainage in performance horses and horses that sweat poorly in heat. Every source below is an independent, peer-reviewed publication, grouped by ingredient — with horse studies featured first.
Horse study = research conducted in horses
The triterpene compounds in gotu kola have been studied for supporting blood-vessel and lymphatic tone, supporting collagen and connective tissue, and supporting nerve tissue.
Pooling controlled trials, Centella asiatica supported healthy vein and lymphatic tone and normal fluid balance in the lower limbs, including reduced fluid retention and swelling.
A triterpene fraction of Centella asiatica stimulated collagen production in cultured fibroblasts — the mechanism behind its long-standing use for connective-tissue strength.
This review summarizes how Centella asiatica and its metabolite asiatic acid support collagen formation and healthy microcirculation in the tissues.
Lion's mane is one of the most-studied botanicals for nerve health, studied for supporting nerve growth factor (NGF) and nerve tissue, with a controlled human trial on cognitive function.
Compounds from Hericium erinaceus stimulated production of nerve growth factor (NGF) in human cells — the signaling protein involved in the growth, maintenance, and health of nerve tissue.
In a laboratory model of nerve-fiber health, Hericium erinaceus supported the regeneration of nerve fibers, backing its role in nerve maintenance.
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, adults taking Hericium erinaceus showed significantly greater improvement in cognitive-function scores than the placebo group during supplementation.
L-arginine is the precursor for nitric oxide, the signal that relaxes and widens blood vessels. This peripheral vasodilation drives blood to the skin surface — the same pathway that supports healthy sweating and heat dissipation in the horse.
This equine study examined how nitric oxide contributes to thermoregulation during exercise in horses — the vasodilation pathway that L-arginine supplies to move blood to the skin surface for evaporative cooling.
Supplemental oral L-arginine improved endothelium-dependent dilation of blood vessels, confirming that added arginine can enhance nitric-oxide-mediated widening of the vasculature.
Pooling randomized trials, L-arginine supplementation was associated with improved markers of endothelial (blood-vessel lining) function, supporting its role in healthy circulation.
Vitamin E is one of the most thoroughly studied nutrients in equine neurology. It shields nerve and muscle cell membranes from oxidative damage, and adequate intake is essential for healthy nerve and muscle function in horses.
In a controlled trial, horses fed a vitamin E–deficient diet developed nerve and muscle problems, while vitamin E–supplemented controls did not — directly linking the nutrient to healthy nerve and muscle function.
This veterinary review documents vitamin E's essential role in the horse and its importance for healthy nerve and muscle function.
In young horses, low vitamin E was associated with early changes in nerve fibers, reinforcing its role for the developing equine nervous system.
Yarrow has a long history of traditional use as a diaphoretic (sweating-supporting) and circulatory herb. Modern pharmacological reviews catalog the antioxidant and vasoactive constituents behind those uses.
This comprehensive review documents yarrow's active compounds and its antioxidant and circulatory properties that underlie its traditional use for skin and blood-flow support.
A pharmacological review summarizing yarrow's mechanisms of action, its major active compounds, and its generally favorable safety and tolerability profile.
